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The prognosis of prostate cancer of 4 degrees

Prostate cancer ranks second in mortality among all existing malignant tumors. The disease mostly affects men who are over 60 years.

Definition of prostate cancer

For prostate cancer characterized by a malignant neoplastic process in the prostate gland. At this time iron begins in a large number to distinguish acid phosphatase (secret). It is of great importance in the diagnosis of the disease.

Usually the disease occurs in a latent or abortive form and the diagnosis in the early stages is almost impossible. Most often prostate cancer is detected at stage 3 or 4 when there was a metastasis, and the tumour had spread outside the gland. In this case, treatment will be aimed only at maintaining the patient's life and improving its quality.

Symptoms of prostate cancer

pacient In the early stages the disease doesn't manifest itself. Then there is a gradual squeezing of the urethra. There is a difficulty in urination is the main symptom.

In the last stages of the disease blood appears in urine. You may receive incontinence. Sometimes there may be blood in the stool or difficulty with defecation. When the tumor or metastases compress the mouth of the ureter, occurs in renal failure. After the spread of metastases throughout the body there are new symptoms. Primarily affected bones are the ribs, pelvis, and then lymph nodes and sometimes lungs and liver. As the disease progresses, the deterioration of the General condition. The patient has cachexia, and anemia.

Diagnosis of prostate cancer

Diagnosis includes:

  • ultrasound examination of the prostate;
  • rectal examination of the patient (finger technique);
  • biopsy;
  • the tumor marker.

Men are required to undergo regular inspections by the doctor.

Risk factors

The emergence of prostate cancer is facilitated by such factors:

1) a hormonal imbalance in the body;

2) urological infections;

3) BPH;

4) above 60 years of age;

5) fatty and junk food;

6) genetic predisposition to prostate cancer;

7) hypertrophy.

The reason for the development of prostate cancer is considered hormone testosterone. It helps to stimulate the growth of malignant neoplasms.

Stage prostate cancer

Stage 1. Has no obvious clinical signs. Diagnosis can put quite by chance during a survey. Cancer cells at this stage still have the similarity with the healthy cells of the body.

Stage 2. Appears the dysfunction of urination. In the prostate gland can be detected a tight knot. Metastasis has not yet appeared.

Stage 3. Germination of the tumor. The appearance of new symptoms. Metastases in the pelvis and lymph nodes.

Stage 4. The growth of the tumor. Metastases in all organs and tissues.

Stage 4 prostate cancer

Classification of prostate cancer stage 4 is as follows:

T4 – tumor extends beyond the boundaries of the prostate and switched to healthy organs.

T4A – the tumour grows into the rectum or bladder.

t4b – tumor process passes through the pelvis and the muscle of the anus.

In the development of cancer of 4 degrees since the appearance of the tumor the patient is not disturbed by any symptoms. Therefore, the doctor's already more than half of men have metastatic disease and 4 stage of cancer prostate.

For stage 4 is characterized by:

  • acute urinary retention;
  • frequent urination;
  • hematuria;
  • pain in the perineum.

At stage 4 of prostate cancer metastases can occur in just a few days, and to be the only clinical sign of the disease. Distributionmalignant cells occurs via the blood and lymphatic system. Amazed podzemnye, iliac, and obturator lymph nodes. Because metastases can occur swelling of the genitals or toes. In bone metastases pain they can be the first signal of the disease. The bone metastases are transmitted by hematogenous. Of all bone most often affects the thigh bones, bones of the skull, pelvic bones, vertebral and rib bones.

When metastases in the internal organs and tissue first to come under attack adrenals, lungs and liver (parenchymal organs).

When metastasis to bone will manifest these symptoms:

1) sharp pain (in the bones);

2) poor fusion of the bones (tubular) fractures;

3) changes in gait (thigh bone);

4) compression fractures (spine);

5) metabolic disorders;

6) disturbance of consciousness.

Diagnosis of prostate cancer of 4 degrees is performed by the following methods:

  • with the help of ultrasound or transrectal ultrasound;
  • laboratory method of blood test for prostatic antigen;
  • palpation method of investigation of the prostate.

Data survey techniques today help to significantly reduce the risk of complications, prevent metastasis, to make a further prognosis is more favorable for the patient.

You should immediately undergo an ultrasound examination if there is suspicion of the presence of prostate cancer.

The treatment of prostate cancer

Prostate cancer treatment should start as early as possible to avoid the formation of metastasis and expansion of tumors. The development of prostate cancer is generally slow. Therefore, when timely diagnosis, you can obtain a favorable result. For this, patients undergo surgical treatment or method is used radiotherapy.

posle operaciiSurgical method of treatment of malignant tumors will be effective only if the disease is in running stage and form no metastases. Successfully executed operation ensures almost complete recovery of the patient.

Medical therapy includes treatment with hormones. This is because the growth of tumors is due to the hormone testosterone and its level. Blocking testosterone can reduce the growth of tumor and inhibit metastasis. Full recovery this method does not, but it allows you to improve the quality of life and reduce unpleasant symptoms. Hormone therapy has its side effects. These include gynecomastia, increased blood pressure, reduced potency.

Before beginning treatment, you should consult your doctor about the side effects. Of the hormonal drugs choose hormone sinestrol. The course of treatment is several months. This drug increases the chances of a favorable prognosis. But its side effects include risk of stroke, thromboembolism, myocardial infarction and other complications. This method of treatment is used in cases when the patient feels severe pain or there are serious problems with urination.

In the method of radiotherapy is the irradiation of the prostate with radioactive rays. Thus reducing the risk of metastasis and growth of cancer. This method of treatment of prostate cancer does not give a complete recovery of the patient, but allows him to live longer, to slow down tumor growth, reduce metastasis and improve quality of life. This method of treatment chosen by men who wish to maintain sexual activity and all functions.
Sometimes the patient is endocrine exposure. When radioactive raysthe patient irradiated area of the pituitary gland. This is done in order to disable its function.

In case of impossibility of independent urination male catheter into the opening of the urethra and empty my bladder. This can happen due to the compression of the channel. If this procedure is not possible, then, as an alternative to doing patient suprapubic fistula, through which urine will come out.

For greater therapeutic effect is a combination of radiation therapy and surgical methods of treatment of prostate cancer.

Prevention

To the prevention of prostate cancer include regular examinations by a urologist. Especially in need of men that are at risk. The older the age of men, the more seriously it should be taken.

Need to limit consumption of junk food: fatty foods, salt, coffee, chocolate, reduce the consumption of animal fats, eliminate fast food, chips, fries and other unhealthy foods.