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A tumor of the intestine. How can you recognize?

A bowel tumour can develop in any part of it. Signs of the disease and predictions depend on the localization and morphological structure of the tumor. Let's look at this issue in more detail.

Tumors of the small intestine

Benign tumors

According to the classification of the world health organization distinguishes the following benign tumors of the small intestine:

1) Epithelial.

In particular, the adenoma. Is a polyp on a stalk or broad base. Happen:

  • villous;
  • tubular;
  • tubulovesicular.

2) Carcinoids.

Formed in the submucosal layer and in the zone of the crypts of the mucosa of the small intestine. Initially, the integrity of the epithelium is preserved. With the development of the disease appear expressions.

3) non-epithelial.

Rare. Formed from connective, muscle, adipose and nervous tissue. Varieties:

  • leiomyoma (without a capsule node that is in thicker walls);
  • leiomyoblastoma (consists of rounded cells with pale cytoplasm; able to metastasize);
  • neurilemmoma (encapsulated education);
  • lipoma (encapsulated node from fat cells);
  • hemangioma, lymphangioma (can be single or multiple; usually congenital).

Signs of bowel cancers appear only when significant amounts of education. This:

  • mechanical obstruction of the small intestine;
  • intestinal bleeding (the decay of the tumor);
  • obstructive jaundice (in the localization of education in the region of the papilla).

In the initial stages of benign tumors are asymptomatic. They can be discovered accidentally by x-ray examination or EGD conducted on another occasion.

When x-ray visible filling defect with sharp, smooth edges. Formations can be several. Endoscopic analysis allows to confirm the benign nature of the tumor.

Treatment of tumor of the bowel surgery only.

Malignant neoplasms

Cancer of the small intestine is quite rare. Epithelial presented in the following forms:

  • adenocarcinoma (localized in the papilla, have a villous surface);
  • mucinous adenocarcinoma;
  • prestavitelyami tumor;
  • undifferentiated carcinoma;
  • unclassified.

Malignant carcinoid is characterized by marked invasion into the intestinal wall, an expression of the mucous membrane and metastasis.

Forms of malignant non-epithelial tumors of the intestine:

  • sarcoma;
  • lymphoma;
  • unclassified tumors.

    • Can be knotty and diffuse, single and multiple, primary and secondary.

    Clinical signs:

    • in the early stages not determined;
    • feeling of fullness in the abdomen during meals;
    • feeling of fullness of the stomach;
    • nausea and vomiting after each meal;
    • weight loss;
    • intestinal bleeding (characteristic of tumor lysis);
    • anorexia plus a special aversion to meat products;
    • high body temperature;
    • weakness;
    • pain (sarcomas).

    Methods of treating cancer of the small intestine:

    • operational;
    • symptomatic (in advanced cases).

    Colon tumor

    Benign

    They can be classified into three groups:

    • epithelial (adenoma and adenomatosis);
    • carcinoid (frequency ranked second among tumors of the intestine);
    • non-epithelial (localized in all layers of the wall are formed of different tissues).

    vidy opuholiAdenoma is formed from the glandular epithelium. Education is on the stalk or broad base. Has the appearance of a polyp.

    Adenomatosis diagnosed with detectionmultiple adenomas (not less than one hundred). All entities have a generally tubular structure and a different degree of dysplasia.

    Polyps refers to any pathological formation, rising above the surface of the mucosa. Except the tumors, it could be a tumor-like processes.

    The symptoms of intestinal tumors in the initial stages do not exist. With a significant increase in education appears colon obstruction, and the decay of the tumor is bleeding. Polyps often translates into a colon cancer. Therefore, the main method of treatment of benign tumors is to have them removed.

    Colon cancer

    One of the most frequent oncological diseases. Ranks third. Men suffer twice as often than women.

    Types:

    1) macroscopic characteristics:

    • exophytic form of cancer is in the right divisions of the large intestine, has a bumpy surface; grows in the lumen of the intestine);
    • endophytic form of cancer (localized in the left departments of the colon; distributed under the wall, covering her circle).

    2) histological features:

    • adenocarcinoma;
    • squamous cell carcinoma;
    • mucous (mucinous) carcinoma;
    • signet ring cell;
    • glandular-squamous cell;
    • unclassified.

    A malignant tumor of the colon metastatic to the later stages. Prone to invasion into adjacent organs.

    Clinical signs depend on the localization of the cancer and the structure of the tumor. In the initial stages, the disease is asymptomatic. The first symptoms appear when a significant increase of the tumor.

    The tumor is localized in the right half of the colon. Features:

    • intestinal bleeding;
    • pain;
    • anemia;
    • palpation revealed a lumpy tumor.

    The tumor is localized in the left colon. Features:

    • cramping;
    • violation of stool (diarrhea, constipation);
    • limited swelling of the left side of the abdomen;
    • partial obstructive impassability.

    The tumor is localized in the rectum. Features:

    • discharge of blood with stool;
    • diarrhea (sometimes constipation);
    • ribbon-like form of feces;
    • pain;
    • a violation of the defecation (with the defeat of the anus).

    For all localizations of the characteristic signs of General toxicity.

    Treatment is surgical. In inoperable cases, chemotherapy. Without treatment the patient may live two to four years.