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Prostate cancer with metastases: symptoms, diagnosis and treatment

In the last stages of prostate cancer in a patient appear metastases, which may occur in the bone or lymph nodes. Basically, prostate cancer is characterized by slow growth, and people for a long time unaware of the presence of malignancy.

Metastatic cancer

Metastatic prostate cancer is the spread of tumors to other tissues and organs. Metastases represent atypical cells that are carried throughout the body via lymph or blood. Disease comes to light by chance in prophylactic examination or other examinations. Older men most vulnerable to the disease.

Classification

Metastases usually occur in stage 3 or 4 prostate cancer. In this period there was rapid growth of a nodule. According to the standard classification of metastases are indicated by the letters M and N , where M is metastasis to tissues and organs and N metastases in the lymph nodes.

In a third stage the tumor extends beyond the prostate to adjacent organs. First damaged seminal vesicles. 4 stage the tumor extends beyond the prostate internal sphincter, rectum and bladder.

Lymph nodes

Lymph node metastases are through the clear fluid (lymph). Cancer cells that come along with the flow of lymph late, and then begins to actively grow and multiply, forming new tumors. At first, these formations are formed in the vicinity of the malignancy and gradually beyond the lymph nodes.

Bone

For prostate cancer about 80% of the metastases formed in the bone tissue: for example, femur, vertebrae, etc. Fall into atypical cells in the bone along with the blood. The first symptom that indicates the presence of metastases in the bones will be pain in the back, legs or other areas.

Symptoms of prostate cancer

The main signs of the disease appear in the last stages of development of malignant tumors. With the growth of the tumor of the patient might be followed by urinary problems: difficulty urinating, frequent urination, urinary incontinence, etc.

Also, pain in the lumbar region, the expansion of the renal cavities or kidney stones.

Metastases clinical manifestations will depend on where the cancerous cells appeared.

Diagnosis

mrtIn order to make a correct diagnosis, the patient should visit a urologist or oncologist. Admission is based on the examination of the patient and put the presumptive diagnosis.

To identify the disease there are such methods of examination:

  • MRI;
  • DOG;
  • biopsy;
  • a rectal examination.

Treatment

For the treatment of prostate cancer used radiation therapy, surgery, hormonal therapy and cryotherapy. The most basic method of treatment is surgery. The patient performed a radical prostatectomy.

In addition to the surgical method is performed, radiation or hormonal therapy. This procedure allows you to remove the remaining abnormal cells and metastases in the body. Cryotherapy is performed under low temperature. Thus, it is possible to treat tumors of small size, in combination with hormonal therapy.

Forecast

The prognosis for prostate cancer depends on the type of tumor cells and the malignant process.

Five-year survival rate for early stages of cancer against the backdrop of radical prostatectomy is about 80%. In the last stages, the figure is 50%.