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The symptoms of sarcoma. How can you recognize?

The symptoms of sarcoma depend on the location of tumor spread. This term combines numerous malignant neoplasms of non-epithelial origin. The vast majority of diseases manifested in the form of rapidly growing tumors. Other clinical signs depend on the type of sarcoma.

The causes of sarcoma

vrachiThe main cause of the disease is the negative impact of carcinogenic active substances and ionizing radiation. Under their influence start to grow abnormal cells, not typical for a particular type of fabric.

Modern research has also identified the pathogenic effect of some chemicals and viruses. So, sarcoma of the liver may develop as a result of prolonged contact with vinyl chloride. A soft tissue sarcoma appear under the influence of oncogenic viruses.

The types of sarcomas

There are sarcoma:

  • bones;
  • soft tissue;
  • complex types, which are still impossible to classify.

Complex type include Kaposi's sarcoma. Sick more often men of Equatorial Africa and the Mediterranean. In our country this disease almost never occurs. It provokes the herpes virus, HIV infection.

The symptoms of Kaposi's sarcoma:

  • tumors on the skin of the back of the foot, soles (purple spots, smooth or rough, oval);
  • skin lesions of the face, hands;
  • itching and tingling in the affected areas;
  • internal bleeding (if it affects the lymph nodes and internal organs).

Within each species isolated subspecies. Varieties of bone sarcoma:

  • fibrosarcoma;
  • osteosarcoma;
  • lymphosarcoma;
  • chondrosarcoma;
  • Ewing's sarcoma;
  • round-cell sarcoma.

Subtypes of soft tissue sarcomas:

  • myogenic sarcoma;
  • synovial sarcoma;
  • neurogenic sarcoma;
  • liposarcoma;
  • angiosarcoma;
  • rhabdomyosarcoma.

Klassificeret sarcoma and rate of propagation. One of the fastest growing is considered to be osteosarcoma. It is characterized by early metastasis and early age of the patient (10 to 30 years).

Consider the symptoms of some sarcoma subtypes.

Sarcoma of the brain

Can be intracerebral and extracerebral. The tumor develops from connective tissue and the meninges. The structure of the formation is loose or dense.

Intracerebral tumor with unclear edge, fast-growing, and invades the healthy tissue. Extracerebral tumors have more or less clear boundaries, able to grow into brain tissue and affect adjacent structures. Are considered to be particularly aggressive.

The symptoms of sarcoma of the brain:

  • nodal or "spread out" tumor of the connective tissue and the meninges (can be diagnosed by computed tomography and ultrasound);
  • headache and dizziness;
  • vomiting;
  • blurred vision;
  • atrophy of the optic nerve;
  • meningeal signs;
  • mental disorders;
  • epilepsy.

Ewing's Sarcoma

Aggressive malignant neoplasm in the bone. The tumor can affect the pelvis, ribs, clavicle, spine (sarcoma of the spine) and the lower part of the tubular bones. It is a very aggressive disease with early metastatic.

Common symptoms of Ewing's sarcoma:

  • pain in the affected area (often perceived as consequences of the trauma); pain increasing;
  • sleep and daily activity (because of pain);
  • rapidly increasing neoplasm;
  • pathological fractures;
  • tenderness;
  • the vehemence of the skin;
  • swelling in the affected area;
  • enlarged and dilated veins;
  • fever;
  • loss of appetite and weight loss;
  • General weakness.

Clinical signs depending on the lesion:

  • The symptoms of sarcoma of the lowerlimbs:
    • lameness.
  • Signs of damage to the vertebrae:
    • the failure of the pelvic organs (incontinence, for example);
    • radiculopathy;
    • compression-ischemic myelopathy.
  • The symptoms of sarcoma of bone and soft tissue of the sternum (Askin tumor):
    • hemoptysis;
    • pleural effusion;
    • respiratory failure.

Sarcoma of the jaw

The clinical picture of the disease depends on tumor localization.

Central sarcoma.

Features:

  • aching pain (first temporary, then permanent nature);
  • the growing precariousness of the teeth;
  • deformation of the jaw;
  • reduced sensitivity of the pulp to the affected area;
  • sukrovichnye nasal discharge, exophthalmos (in lesions of the upper jaw);
  • numbness of the lips in the affected area (under sarcoma of the lower jaw).

Peripheral sarcoma.

Features:

  • severe deformation of the jaw (thickening, protrusion of a specific Department);
  • expression of the mucosa because of the stress on the tumor during the meal;
  • increased mobility of teeth;
  • the limitation of the lower jaw;
  • difficult nasal breathing;
  • a speech disorder.

Sarcoma of soft tissues.

Symptoms:

  • infiltrates protrusions and a corresponding location;
  • deformed jaw;
  • loose teeth;
  • the limitation of the upper or lower jaw.

Sarcoma of the pericardium

The pericardium is the outer shell of the heart, composed of connective tissue. From the inner layers of the human motor it is separated by serous fluid. The defeat of the pericardial sarcoma manifests itself as follows:

  • hemorrhagic effusion into the cavity of the heart (resulting in the development of tamponade on);
  • compression cavities of the heart;
  • failure of the cardiac rhythm;
  • feeling pressure in the chest and lack of air;
  • swelling of the legs;
  • dry cough;
  • muscle weakness.

Lung sarcoma

At the initial stage, the disease is asymptomatic and may be discovered accidentally. With the development see the following symptoms of sarcoma of the lungs:

  • dysphagia;
  • hemorrhagic pleurisy or pericarditis;
  • a syndrome of compression of superior Vena cava and others.

The clinical picture is explained by the growth of the tumor and its pressure on nearby organs and tissues.

Sarcoma of the uterus

A malignant tumor occurring in 3-5% of cases. The average age of the patients, 43-53. That is, at the time of menopause.

The symptoms of sarcoma of the uterus:

  • bloody vaginal discharge not related to menstruation;
  • soreness in the abdomen;
  • signs of compression of adjacent organs.

The disease can occur without symptoms.